Daily care of hypertension

1 reducing sodium intake

Sodium can significantly increase blood pressure and the risk of hypertension, and sylvite can raise blood pressure against sodium salt. Our country dweller of sodium intake were significantly higher than the WHO recommended daily should be less than 6 grams, and potassium intake is seriously insufficient, therefore, all hypertensive patients should take various kinds of measures, as far as possible, reducing sodium intake, and increasing potassium intake of salt in the food. The main measures include:

= as far as possible, reduce the cooking salt, recommend the use of quantitative salt spoon;

MSG, soy sauce = reduced sodium salt dosage of condiment;

= eat or not eat sodium salt high quantity of all kinds of processed foods, such as vegetables, ham, sausage and all kinds of roasted seeds and nuts;

= increasing vegetable and fruit intake;

= good renal function, the use of potassium salt used in cooking.

2 weight control

Overweight and obesity is one of the important reasons leading to elevated blood pressure, and abdominal fat accumulation with the typical characteristics of central obesity will further increase of hypertension and other cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk, appropriate to reduce the increased weight, reduce body fat content, can significantly lower blood pressure.

A measure of overweight and obesity in the most simple and common physiological measurement indicator is body mass index [ Formula: weight ( kg ), height ( m) l ] and waist. The former usually reflect the general level of obesity, the latter mainly reflect the central obesity degree. Adults with normal body mass index for 18.5-23.9kg/m ², in 24-27.9 kg/m ²as overweight, prompting the need for weight control; BMI³28 kg/m ²for obesity, should lose weight. Adults with normal waist <90/85cm ( male / female ), such as waist³90/85cm ( male / female ), also prompts the need to control weight, such as waist³95/90cm ( male / female ), should also be weight loss [5].

The most effective weight loss measures is to control energy intake and increasing physical activity. In the diet to follow a balanced diet principle, control high calorie foods ( foods high in fat, sugar beverages and alcohol ) intake, appropriate control of the staple food ( carbohydrates ) dosage. In the aspect of sports, regular, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is an effective way to manage weight. Weight loss rate differ from man to man, usually weekly weight loss 0.5~1 kg is appropriate. For non-pharmacological measures weight loss effect is not ideal for severe obesity patients, should be under the guidance of a doctor, the use of weight-loss medications for weight control.

3 no smoking

Cigarette smoking is a health behavior, cardiovascular disease and cancer is one of the main risk factors. Passive smoking can significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Smoking can lead to endothelial damage, increased significantly in hypertensive patients with atherosclerotic disease risk. Benefits to quitting so sure of any age, and smoking cessation can benefit. Tobacco dependence is a chronic addiction disease, not only the withdrawal difficulty, the recurrence rate is very high. Therefore, physicians should strongly suggest and urge the hypertension patients to quit smoking, and to encourage patients to seek medical aid for smoking cessation ( using nicotine replacement products, bupropion sustained release tablets and varenicline etc.), but also how smoking cessation success follow up and supervision, to avoid relapse.