Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease, China has about 160000000 patients. Its incidence rate has reached 18.8%, every 10 years 25%, and each year around 3000000 growth rate.
Due to hypertension in early, even medium-term, the majority of the patients themselves do not feel any discomfort, do not affect the work, study and life, so do not take seriously for people place. Clinical practice shows that, in severe hypertension, diastolic blood pressure, if not treated in time, 5 years after about half of the patients will occur cardio-cerebral vascular complications, older more prone to. Mild hypertension without treatment, 7-10 years after about 10% of the patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, retinopathy, cerebrovascular disease, cardiac and renal dysfunction or even failure.
Unfortunately, people on hypertension knowledge is very poor, our country adult hypertension awareness, treatment, control rate is very low. Hypertension has become a major public health problem. In addition to vigorously carry out the hypertension prevention and cure work, put forward the prevention and treatment of hypertension and other chronic diseases should be lifelong intervention, prevention efforts must grab from baby. If left with a rising number of chronic diseases, the speed of economic development will catch the chronic consumption rate.
We are speaking of hypertension is defined for hypertension in 95% primary hypertension disease, its incidence is the genetic factors and environmental factors of long-term results of the interactions, including lifestyle plays a crucial role in. Prevention and treatment of hypertension by grippers are adverse changes in lifestyle, it is needed to publicize energetically and persevere activities. According to the study, the following are some of the risk factors and the occurrence of hypertension, development. Which can not be modifiable risk factors are: age; genetic factors. And modifiable risk factors are:①overweight;②diet, high salt, low potassium, low calcium;③prolonged excessive alcohol consumption;④smoking; the lack of physical activity; the long-term mental strain. If we are serious efforts to modify these risk factors, it can prevent the happening of hypertension, or make the already suffering from hypertension to reduce, and the drug treatment is more effective.
On the diagnosis of hypertension is also constantly changing. China in the 04 years was released in October 2004 " new Chinese " guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension, normal blood pressure is <120/80mmHg, normal values for 120-139/80-89mmHg, hypertension is greater than or equal to 140/90mmHg. Hypertension by blood pressure levels are divided into three levels: 1, 2, 3, that is, in the light, heavy. Level 1 ( mild ) 140-159/90-99mmHg, level 2 ( moderate ) 160-179/100-109mmHg, level 3 ( severe)≥ 180/110mmHg. Another type of isolated systolic hypertension in elderly patients, seen in. Then in combination with other cardiovascular risk factors such as age, sex, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity, waist size, high sensitivity c- reactive protein level, there is no target organs ( heart, brain, kidney, vascular damage, ) coexisting clinical disease and diabetes, to identify low risk, risk, risk and very high risk four a risk level, and can make a judgement of prognosis and treatment method. It is emphasized that hypertension is often associated with diabetes, high blood lipids, obesity, together, work hand in glove with, treatment can not concentrate on one thing only.
Treatment of non drug therapy and drug treatment of two categories, the former is the foundation treatment, can not be ignored. Non drug treatment is to avoid the bad living habits, such as smoking, alcohol, diet, increased physical exercise, reduce stress, maintain the balance of psychology. Drug treatment of hypertension, we must persevere, taken for life, to the individual, the best use of long-acting agents, 24 hours of smooth control. When necessary, reasonable combination. At present there are six categories of antihypertensive drugs, namely, diuretics, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, calcium antagonists,αreceptor antagonists. Each has its own characteristics and indications, but also have their own side effects. We can neither " the cent ", also not because of side effects and the " give up eating for fear of choking, " drug of choice should be based on the individual 's specific circumstances, doctors and patients cooperate with each other, to achieve the ideal therapeutic purposes.
The treatment of hypertensive disease 's main goal is to maximize the reduction of cardiovascular death and disability of the total risk. Requirements of doctors in the treatment of hypertension at the same time, intervention patients were to find out all reversible risk factors such as smoking, hyperlipidemia or diabetes, and appropriate treatment of patients exist simultaneously in various clinical situations.
Different people different therapeutic target value, general hypertensive population blood pressure target value is <140/90mmHg; diabetes and nephropathy in patients with hypertension should be <130/80mmHg, these patients have a higher risk in elderly patients with essential hypertension; target systolic blood pressure should be <150mmHg, but if possible, should try to be part of this patient blood pressure levels to below 140mmHg. Finally, remember that a word of advice: antihypertensive treatment the sooner the better, the lower the better, lifelong treatment.
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