Hypertension is a common disease in the elderly, hypertensive disease in arterial blood pressure dominated the clinical syndrome, generally people over the age of 50, their systolic blood pressure over 20000 kPa ( 150 mmHg ), diastolic blood pressure over 12000 kPa ( 90 mmHg ) it belongs to hypertension.
Hypertension clinical manifestations, initially mainly headache and dizziness, loss of memory, insomnia, forgetfulness, palpitations, fatigue and other symptoms, and in the work of tension or excessive use of the brain, exacerbation of symptoms; advanced patients can occur heart, brain, kidney and retina arteriosclerosis and spasm, can produce tissue pathological changes.
The etiology of hypertension is still not entirely clear, generally the same genetic, long-term stress, obesity, smoking, excessive salt intake is related to.
Epidemiological survey data show, many nutritional factors, such as heat energy, sodium, potassium, zinc, cadmium, fat, cholesterol, protein, vitamin and food in some other components, with the pathogenesis of hypertension, and hypertension prevention and cure has positive significance. Therefore, in the hypertension prevention and cure, reasonable nutrition is very important, its effect is sometimes less antihypertensive drugs. Through dietary control can significantly reduce the blood pressure, cerebral vascular accident and coronary heart disease mortality.
( a ) diet principles
The 1 heat and weight control. Obesity is one of the risk factors of hypertension, and the main cause of obesity is caused by heat balance. Excess body heat energy into the storage of fat in subcutaneous and all body tissues, leading to obesity. It was observed more than normal weight 25 kilograms of obese people, their systolic blood pressure higher than normal 1330 kPa ( 10 mmHg ), diastolic blood pressure high 930 kPa ( 7 mmHg ). Therefore, control of energy intake, maintain an ideal body weight is one of the important measures for prevention and treatment of hypertension.
2 salt restriction. Epidemiological survey of proof, salt intake and hypertension pathogenesis was positively related to salt sales of large areas, the incidence of hypertension increased significantly. The advocate general, who had mild hypertension or have a family history of hypertension, the best control in daily salt intake below 5 grams, to have high blood pressure or combined with heart failure should be more strict restriction of salt intake, daily use of salt to 1 ~ 2 grams is appropriate.
In 3 control of dietary fat. Food fat energy ratio should be controlled at around 25%, highest do not exceed 30%. Fat mass than their number has more important significance. Animal fat, saturated fatty acids can be high, elevated cholesterol, easily lead to thrombosis, hypertension incidence of stroke increased; and vegetable fats and oils containing higher fatty acids, can prolong the time of inhibition of platelet aggregation, thrombosis, lower blood pressure, prevention of stroke. The edible oil choose food vegetable oil, other food also should choose low saturated fat, low cholesterol food, such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, poultry, lean meat and dairy.
4 eat more foods rich in vitamin C, such as vegetables, fruits. Recent studies found that, in aged patients with essential hypertension, blood levels of vitamin C highest, the lowest blood pressure. It is suggested that vitamin C can protect vascular endothelial cells from harmful substances in the body damage.
5 to ensure adequate dietary calcium intake in. According to the report, the daily dietary calcium intake, from 800 to 1000 mg, can prevent high blood pressure. The epidemiological survey data show, the average daily intake of calcium concentration from 450 to 500 mg of populations than the intake of calcium is 1400 to 1500 mg of people suffering from hypertension, the risk is 2 times higher. It is estimated the crowd average daily calcium uptake amount if improve 100 mg, the systolic blood pressure decreased by an average of 330 kPa ( 2.5 mmHg ), diastolic blood pressure decreased by an average of 173 kPa ( 1.3 mmHg ). In recent years, popular throughout the vinegar egg therapy has obvious effect of lowering blood pressure, increased calcium intake may be one of the reasons why.
( two) recipes for example
Breakfast: rice congee ( rice 50 grams )
Steamed cake ( 40 grams of flour, corn flour 10 grams, 5 grams of sugar )
Bean curd 1 block
Hymie mix spinach (dried shrimps 10 grams, spinach 100 grams )
Meals: 200 grams of fruit
Lunch: Rice ( rice 150 grams )
Shredded pork with celery ( thin pork 50 grams, 100 grams celery )
Seaweed soup with bean curd ( tofu 200 grams, kelp 50 grams )
Dinner: millet congee ( rice 50 grams )
Bean ( 50 grams of flour, red bean 20 grams, 5 grams of sugar )
Steamed hairtail ( hairtail 100 grams )
Fried cabbage ( Chinese cabbage 200 grams )
Cooking oil 20 grams a day.
Daily total energy about 8400000 coke ( 2000000 card ) or so.
( three) food choice points
In 1 control of energy to control the staple food and fat intake, as little as possible with or without candy, sweet drinks, fried foods high energy food.
2 reduce the cooking salt, eat less salt pickles and other types of food.
3 less fat and various animal fats, control of animal brains, roe high-cholesterol food. Edible oil soybean oil, peanut oil, try to use sunflower oil, vegetable oil.
4, eat more vegetables, fruits, especially dark vegetables.
5 appropriate increase seafood intake, such as kelp, seaweed, fish and other seafood.
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